CHAPTER 02 OF 30
Animals
5 Sual
42 İdeya
24 Termin
Etiket ideyanın ən uyğun olduğu esse növünü göstərir; ideyanın yalnız həmin növdə istifadə oluna biləcəyi demək deyil.
Protecting wild animals
SUAL
Some people believe that governments should spend money protecting endangered species, while others argue that those funds would be better used to meet human needs. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FOR
5
1
We have a responsibility to protect the species that share this planet.
OP
2
Losing species disrupts the balance of the ecosystem.
DV
3
Biodiversity is essential to the well-being of the planet.
OP
4
Studying animal species leads to new medicines and treatments.
AD
5
For some species it is the only way they can be protected from extinction.
PS
AGAINST
5
1
It is too costly: law enforcement, research and security all have to be paid for.
AD
2
Humans should be prioritised over animals.
OP
3
The money would be better spent on education and healthcare for people.
DV
4
Species die out anyway; extinction is part of life.
DV
5
Not every animal is worth saving, and some are dangerous.
OP
Animal testing
SUAL
Using animals in medical research is unavoidable if new treatments are to be developed. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
FOR
5
1
Animal suffering can be kept to a minimum.
DV
2
Drugs must be tested for side effects and safety reasons.
OP
3
It is better for an animal to suffer than for a person to die.
OP
4
Research leads to new treatments and saves lives.
AD
5
Testing medicines on animals ensures they are safe for human use.
AD
AGAINST
5
1
Animal testing does not mean a drug is completely safe for humans.
DV
2
Animals are often killed during testing.
OP
3
Animals frequently suffer extreme pain.
OP
4
Animals have rights just as humans do.
DV
5
Running experiments on animals can be costly.
AD
Decrease in some animal species
SUAL
The number of wild animals is falling in many parts of the world. What are the causes of this decline, and what measures could be taken to reverse it?
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
PROBLEM
Numbers are declining because of poaching and illegal hunting.
→
SOLUTION
Organise guards to protect animals and impose harsher punishment for poaching.
PS
PROBLEM
Products from endangered animals are used in traditional medicine and the fashion industry.
→
SOLUTION
Educate people to avoid buying products made from certain species.
PS
PROBLEM
Habitat is being lost to deforestation and human settlement.
→
SOLUTION
House people away from animal habitats.
PS
PROBLEM
Breeding numbers are low.
→
SOLUTION
Develop breeding programmes for endangered species.
TQ
Zoos
SUAL
In many countries, wild animals are kept in zoos and wildlife parks. Do the advantages of keeping animals in this way outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
5
1
Zoos provide a safe environment for endangered species.
AD
2
They educate people to respect wild animals.
DV
3
They run professionally managed breeding programmes.
AD
4
They give people the chance to have contact with wild animals.
AD
5
Some run rehabilitation programmes that return animals to the wild.
DV
AGAINST
7
1
Animals should have the right to live in their natural habitat.
OP
2
Some animals suffer cruelty at the hands of keepers, staff or visitors.
OP
3
Holding wild animals in captivity is simply wrong.
OP
4
People do not learn to respect an animal that is held behind bars.
DV
5
Cages and enclosures are often too small.
AD
6
Species that live in social groups in the wild cannot adapt to a solitary life in a zoo.
DV
7
Zoos are artificial environments that constrain natural behaviour.
AD
How our relationship with animals has changed
SUAL
The way people use and relate to animals has changed considerably over the last hundred years. Why has this change taken place, and do you think it is a positive development?
PAST
PRESENT
PAST
Animals were used predominantly for agricultural purposes.
→
PRESENT
In the developed world, farmers now use machines for agriculture.
TQ
PAST
Diets often tended to be built around meat.
→
PRESENT
There are many vegetarians and vegans nowadays.
DV
PAST
Wild animals were hunted for food or sport.
→
PRESENT
Many species are now protected by law and hunting them is illegal.
TQ
PAST
Horses, oxen and dogs were kept as working animals.
→
PRESENT
Machinery has replaced almost all of that labour, leaving only specialist roles such as guide and rescue dogs.
TQ
PAST
Animals were essentially a source of food.
→
PRESENT
A good many animals are now kept as companions.
DV
PAST
All animals used to be wild.
→
PRESENT
A large number of species have since become domesticated.
TQ
ANIMALS · WORD BANK · 24 Termin
Faydalı anlayışlar
& akademik lüğət
Termin · Məna · Kollokasiya və nümunə cümlələr.
01
endangered species
n
Animals or plants at serious risk of dying out.
protect endangered species
02
biodiversity
n
Universal
The variety of living things in an area or on Earth.
preserve biodiversity · loss of biodiversity
03
habitat loss
n
Destruction of the places where animals naturally live.
habitat loss caused by farming
04
poaching
n
Illegal hunting or capture of wild animals.
crack down on poaching
05
captivity
n
The state of being kept in a zoo or enclosure, not free.
animals bred in captivity
06
domesticated
adj
Tamed and kept by humans over generations.
domesticated animals such as dogs
07
companion animal
n
An animal kept for company; a pet.
cats and dogs as companion animals
08
breeding programme
n
An organised effort to increase an animal population.
a captive breeding programme
09
extinction
n
Universal
The dying out of an entire species.
on the brink of extinction
10
animal welfare
n
The health and well-being of animals in human care.
strict animal welfare standards
11
animal rights
n
The idea that animals deserve moral consideration.
animal rights campaigners
12
encroachment
n
Gradual intrusion into land that belongs to something else.
human encroachment on elephant corridors
13
a food chain
n
The sequence in which each species feeds on another.
toxins move up the food chain
14
vivisection
n
Experiments performed on live animals.
campaign against vivisection
15
in vitro testing
n
Testing on cells rather than living animals.
in vitro testing replaces some animal trials
16
test for side effects
v
To check a drug for unwanted reactions.
drugs are tested for side effects
17
the wildlife trade
n
Buying and selling wild animals and their parts.
the illegal wildlife trade
18
conservation
n
Universal
Protecting nature and wildlife from harm.
wildlife conservation projects
19
sanctuary
n
A protected place where animals live safely.
an elephant sanctuary
20
culling
n
Killing part of an animal population to control numbers.
the culling of badgers
21
natural habitat
n
The environment a species normally lives in.
return animals to their natural habitat
22
a keystone species
n
A species that many others depend on.
wolves are a keystone species
23
rehabilitation
n
Preparing a rescued animal to return to the wild.
a rehabilitation programme
24
unethical
adj
Universal
Morally wrong.
the practice is widely seen as unethical
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