CHAPTER 04 OF 30
Buildings & Housing
6 Sual
64 İdeya
24 Termin
Etiket ideyanın ən uyğun olduğu esse növünü göstərir; ideyanın yalnız həmin növdə istifadə oluna biləcəyi demək deyil.
Renting or Buying a House
SUAL
Some people prefer to rent a home, while others believe it is always better to buy one. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
RENTING
5
1
It is more economical in the short term.
DV
2
People can easily downsize when money is short.
DV
3
People are not affected by changing house prices.
DV
4
People can relocate more easily for work.
DV
5
The landlord is responsible for repairs and maintenance, not the tenant.
DV
BUYING
5
1
Monthly mortgage payments benefit home owners, not landlords.
DV
2
Buying can be an investment if house prices rise.
DV
3
You renovate and decorate as you want.
DV
4
You cannot be asked to move.
DV
5
Your property becomes a reflection of your lifestyle, a place you can really call home.
DV
Planting Trees or Building Houses
SUAL
When land in cities is limited, building new housing should always take priority over creating parks and green spaces. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
PLANTING TREES
7
1
Green spaces are necessary for people’s wellbeing.
DV
2
Improving living conditions can reduce crime rates.
DV
3
Trees buffer sound.
DV
4
Trees are an essential part of a city’s ecosystem.
DV
5
Trees are necessary for urban wildlife.
DV
6
Trees produce oxygen, which counteracts air pollution.
DV
7
Parks provide areas for relaxation and exercise.
DV
BUILDING HOUSES
7
1
Overpopulation is a problem in most cities.
DV
2
Poor living conditions can result in serious health concerns.
DV
3
Urban space is limited and housing is more essential than trees.
DV
4
Without affordable housing, cities are unable to develop further.
DV
5
Housing is a basic human need.
DV
6
Living conditions will deteriorate without suitable housing.
DV
7
A lack of suitable housing leads to overpopulation.
DV
Building Houses in Urban or Rural Areas
SUAL
Some governments plan new housing inside existing cities, while others believe new towns should be built in the countryside. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
BUILDING IN URBAN AREAS
6
1
More housing in cities will promote a bigger workforce.
DV
2
Workers will not need to commute long distances to get to work.
DV
3
People will be able to walk or cycle to work.
DV
4
Walking to work will benefit the environment.
DV
5
Many cities have derelict areas that could be turned into housing or public spaces.
DV
6
More people will have access to public facilities such as libraries and sports centres, as these are often located in urban areas.
DV
BUILDING IN RURAL AREAS
6
1
New towns can be properly planned in the countryside.
DV
2
Rural areas offer healthier living conditions without widespread pollution or sanitation problems.
DV
3
The countryside is a better place for children to be brought up in.
DV
4
Urban areas should be used for economic development rather than housing.
DV
5
Land in rural areas is cheaper, which will reduce the cost of housing.
DV
6
New job opportunities will open up for rural residents.
DV
Protecting Old Buildings
SUAL
In many city centres, old buildings are protected by law rather than replaced with modern ones. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
5
1
Buildings offer an insight into a country’s past.
DV
2
Many old buildings are aesthetically pleasing to the eye.
DV
3
There are financial advantages to attracting tourists.
DV
4
Old buildings represent the cultural identity of a country.
DV
5
Tourists are drawn toward old historical buildings.
DV
AGAINST
5
1
A building is not necessarily valuable just because it is old.
DV
2
Land in cities is needed for businesses and commerce.
DV
3
Space is needed for housing to deal with overcrowding.
DV
4
The historical or cultural value of a building matters more than its age.
DV
5
Urban space can be better used to promote development.
DV
Open Plan Office Designs
SUAL
More and more companies are replacing separate offices with large open-plan workspaces. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
5
1
It offers a flexible workspace for a high turnover of staff.
DV
2
Without walls, there will be more communication between staff.
DV
3
Managers can see how work is progressing without calling formal meetings.
AD
4
An open floor costs far less to build, heat and light than a floor of separate rooms.
AD
5
New staff learn faster by overhearing how experienced colleagues handle problems.
DV
AGAINST
5
1
Illness can spread more easily when everyone works in close proximity.
DV
2
It can sometimes feel disorganised, with a lack of hierarchy.
DV
3
Staff can be affected by other people’s mess and clutter.
DV
4
Constant noise and interruption make sustained concentration almost impossible.
AD
5
Staff have nowhere private for confidential calls or difficult conversations.
DV
High-Rise Housing
SUAL
In many cities, new housing takes the form of high-rise blocks. Why is this happening, and do you think it is a positive development?
FOR
4
1
Tower blocks house far more people on the same footprint, which limits urban sprawl.,TQ
TQ
2
Building upwards leaves more ground free for parks and public space.,DV
TQ
3
Shared heating, lifts and maintenance make running costs lower per household.,AD
TQ
4
Upper floors offer quiet, light and views that street-level homes cannot.,AD
TQ
AGAINST
4
1
Residents of tall blocks rarely know their neighbours, which weakens community ties.,DV
TQ
2
Families with small children have no safe outdoor space immediately outside the door.,AD
TQ
3
Poorly maintained tower blocks deteriorate quickly and become hard places to live.,TQ
TQ
4
Evacuating a tall building in a fire or power failure is slow and dangerous.,AD
TQ
BUILDINGS & HOUSING · WORD BANK · 24 Termin
Faydalı anlayışlar
& akademik lüğət
Termin · Məna · Kollokasiya və nümunə cümlələr.
01
high-rise
n / adj
A tall building of many storeys.
high-rise blocks on the city edge
02
open-plan
adj
Without internal walls dividing the space.
an open-plan office
03
listed building
n
A building legally protected for its historic value.
permission to alter a listed building
04
urban density
n
The number of people living in a given area of a city.
high urban density shortens journeys
05
urban sprawl
n
Universal
The uncontrolled spread of a city into the countryside.
building upwards limits urban sprawl
06
green space
n
Land in a city left as park, garden or woodland.
protect green space from development
07
mortgage
n
A long-term loan used to buy property.
pay off a mortgage over thirty years
08
get on the property ladder
idiom
To buy a first home as a step towards a bigger one.
young people cannot get on the property ladder
09
rent out
phr v
To let someone use a property in return for payment.
rent out a spare room
10
tenant / landlord
n
A person who rents a home; the person who owns it.
disputes between tenants and landlords
11
affordable housing
n
Universal
Homes priced within reach of ordinary incomes.
a shortage of affordable housing
12
housing stock
n
All the dwellings available in an area.
expand the housing stock
13
mixed-use development
n
A building or area combining homes, shops and offices.
mixed-use development revives high streets
14
maintenance costs
n
The money needed to keep a building in good repair.
shared maintenance costs
15
renovate / restore
v
To repair and modernise an old building.
renovate a nineteenth-century terrace
16
demolish
v
To pull a building down deliberately.
demolish the block to make way for flats
17
architectural character
n
The distinctive visual identity of a place’s buildings.
new towers erode the architectural character
18
infrastructure
n
Universal
The roads, power, water and transport a place needs.
infrastructure built for a smaller population
19
commute
v / n
To travel regularly between home and work.
a two-hour daily commute
20
satellite town
n
A smaller town built near a large city.
develop satellite towns instead
21
planning permission
n
Official approval to build or alter something.
refuse planning permission
22
community ties
n
Universal
The relationships that connect people in a neighbourhood.
tower blocks weaken community ties
23
residential area
n
A part of a town where people live rather than work.
a quiet residential area
24
urban regeneration
n
Renewing a run-down part of a city.
urban regeneration of the old docks
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