CHAPTER 11 OF 30
Family
10 Sual
107 İdeya
48 Termin
Etiket ideyanın ən uyğun olduğu esse növünü göstərir; ideyanın yalnız həmin növdə istifadə oluna biləcəyi demək deyil.
Who Should Discipline Children — Parents or Teachers?
SUAL
Some people believe discipline is the responsibility of parents, while others think teachers should enforce it at school. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
PARENTS
4
1
Parents know their own children far better than any teacher does.
DV
2
Parents are better placed to understand what lies behind bad behaviour.
DV
3
Parents are responsible for how their child conducts itself at home.
DV
4
In the end it is the parents who are answerable for a child's upbringing.
DV
TEACHERS
4
1
Teachers have to maintain discipline in their own classroom.
DV
2
School is where children learn the correct way to conduct themselves.
DV
3
Teachers are trained in discipline techniques that most parents have never studied.
DV
4
If a naughty child is not disciplined, the whole class suffers the disruption.
DV
Family Size: Families are Smaller than Before
SUAL
Families in many countries are much smaller than they were a century ago. Why has this happened, and do you think it is a positive development?
BIGGER FAMILIES PREVIOUSLY
5
1
A larger family meant more hands to help and more wage earners.
TQ
2
Agricultural families relied on their children as farmhands.
TQ
3
A high infant mortality rate made it important to have many children.
TQ
4
Children were the only security parents had in old age, at a time without social benefits.
TQ
5
Having many children was once considered prestigious.
TQ
SMALLER FAMILIES NOWADAYS
6
1
Smaller families are more geographically mobile and can move city more easily to find work.
TQ
2
The cost of bringing up children has risen sharply.
TQ
3
Mothers often work and do not have the time to take care of a large family.
TQ
4
Modern life is geared towards small households.
TQ
5
Women have easy access to birth control.
TQ
6
Women have far more awareness of the choices open to them.
TQ
Women Having Children Later in Life
SUAL
In many countries women are having children later in life. What are the reasons for this, and what effects does it have?
REASONS
4
1
Working women prefer to build a career and climb the career ladder first.
TQ
2
Many couples want financial stability before having and raising a child.
TQ
3
The increase in divorce affects when a woman decides to have children.
TQ
4
Advances in technology such as IVF help older women become pregnant.
TQ
EFFECTS
4
1
As a young adult, the child may have to shoulder the burden of caring for elderly parents.
TQ
2
The wider age gap between parent and child can make it harder for them to relate to each other.
TQ
3
Older parents get tired more easily, which restricts their enjoyment of, and participation in, parenthood.
TQ
4
There is an increased chance of health complications with the baby.
TQ
Childless Marriages
SUAL
An increasing number of couples choose not to have children. Do the advantages of this choice outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
5
1
Married couples can concentrate on their careers.
AD
2
Children change a marriage and add too many responsibilities.
AD
3
Without children there is far more freedom.
AD
4
Children are a financial burden.
AD
5
Childless couples can spend more time devoted to each other.
AD
AGAINST
6
1
It is hard to relate to other married couples whose lives revolve around their children.
AD
2
A family unit cannot really be considered a family without children.
AD
3
Some societies view childless couples as abnormal.
AD
4
Some childless couples did not choose this and suffer without children.
AD
5
Without children there is a lack of support in old age.
AD
6
Children are the glue that holds the family together.
AD
Divorce
SUAL
Some believe parents in an unhappy marriage should separate, while others think they should stay together for the children. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FOR
5
1
It is better for parents to separate than to argue all the time.
DV
2
An unhappy marriage can cause a child distress and expose it to unpleasant scenes.
DV
3
Divorce is no longer stigmatised in society.
DV
4
After a divorce each parent can devote quality time to their children rather than quantity.
DV
5
A happy parent is a good parent.
DV
AGAINST
6
1
The process of divorce itself can be stressful for children.
DV
2
Children feel insecure as their family falls apart.
DV
3
Children are unsure who they might end up living with afterwards.
DV
4
Children may miss the other parent after the divorce.
DV
5
Some divorce settlements result in lasting hostility between the parents.
DV
6
Children may feel caught between the two of them.
DV
Single Parent Families
SUAL
Children brought up by one parent are at no disadvantage compared with those raised by two. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
FOR
5
1
Children do not need two parents in order to have a stable upbringing.
OP
2
One parent can provide a loving environment perfectly well.
OP
3
A single parent family is preferable to a dysfunctional marriage.
OP
4
Children from dysfunctional marriages can suffer emotional distress.
OP
5
Children often take on more responsibility in the house, which helps their development.
OP
AGAINST
6
1
The financial strain is placed on one parent alone.
OP
2
Children might miss the influence of having a parent of each gender around.
OP
3
Children are not given a role model for a healthy adult relationship.
OP
4
They do not grow up understanding how adult relationships work.
OP
5
They never witness how adults work through difficulties and disagreements.
OP
6
There is no other parent to turn to for comfort or support.
OP
Children Spending More Time with Grandparents
SUAL
In some families grandparents play a large part in raising the children. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
5
1
Both child and grandparents can enjoy a closer relationship.
AD
2
Grandparents can offer children a different perspective on life.
AD
3
Grandparents pass on family history, traditions and skills.
AD
4
Working parents gain childcare they can trust and afford.
AD
5
Contact between the generations helps children respect the elderly.
AD
AGAINST
5
1
Children might be confused if grandparents say one thing and parents another.
AD
2
Grandparents might feel exploited if they are relied on for child care too often.
AD
3
Looking after young children can be physically exhausting for older people.
AD
4
Grandparents' ideas about discipline and diet may be out of date.
AD
5
Parents can lose authority if the grandparents take over too much of the upbringing.
AD
Both Parents Working
SUAL
In many families both parents now work full time. Do the advantages of this for the family outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
7
1
Some families simply need two incomes for financial stability.
AD
2
Children benefit from the extra family income.
AD
3
Children learn to appreciate the value of money.
AD
4
Children might need to take on more responsibilities in the home.
AD
5
Additional responsibilities help children mature more quickly.
AD
6
Some parents are happier if they have a working life as well as a family life.
AD
7
Children benefit from having healthy, happy parents.
AD
AGAINST
6
1
Children with both parents working lack parental guidance.
AD
2
Parents do not have the time available to care for their children sufficiently.
AD
3
Children might lack support with homework and other personal issues.
AD
4
Parents struggle to cope when a child is sick and they must both go to work.
AD
5
Parents might argue about whose job is most important and who takes time off for domestic issues.
AD
6
Children sometimes feel abandoned.
AD
Care of the Elderly: Should the Family be Responsible?
SUAL
Some believe families should care for elderly relatives themselves, while others think this is the state’s responsibility. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FOR
6
1
Elderly people thrive better when they are cared for by people who love them.
DV
2
A family should support one another whatever the situation.
DV
3
The family understands the needs of an elderly relative best.
DV
4
Grandparents looked after their children in the past; now the children should look after them.
DV
5
Retirement homes provide support but not the love that an elderly person needs.
DV
6
The elderly should be surrounded by familiar objects and people.
DV
AGAINST
6
1
Elderly people have paid taxes which should be used for their care.
DV
2
If both adults work, there may be no one at home to provide the necessary support.
DV
3
Nursing homes and retirement homes are structured to provide exactly the right support and care.
DV
4
Some families do not have the extra finances available.
DV
5
Some elderly people require specialised care that the family cannot provide.
DV
6
Families are not trained to take care of elderly people.
DV
Researching Family History
SUAL
Researching one’s family history has become a popular pastime. Why do people do this, and do you think it is a worthwhile activity?
FOR
6
1
Finding out about your ancestors is a form of self-discovery.
TQ
2
Knowing about their ancestors helps people feel part of a larger family.
TQ
3
Family history can reveal hereditary conditions that may be prevalent in the current generation.
TQ
4
Knowing that cancer, for example, runs in the family helps people take preventive measures.
TQ
5
Researching family history can shed light on cultural history.
TQ
6
There may be skills common to a family that are worth discovering.
TQ
AGAINST
6
1
It is better to focus on present family members than on those in the past.
TQ
2
Unpleasant information might be unearthed.
TQ
3
A past member of the family may have been an embarrassment which is best forgotten.
TQ
4
People might discover secrets that are damaging to family members today.
TQ
5
The past is best left in the past.
TQ
6
Hereditary diseases do not necessarily recur, so the search may cause undue stress and worry.
TQ
FAMILY · WORD BANK · 48 Termin
Faydalı anlayışlar
& akademik lüğət
Termin · Məna · Kollokasiya və nümunə cümlələr.
01
upbringing
n
The way a child is raised and taught.
responsible for a child’s upbringing
02
to bring up a child
v
To raise and care for a child until adulthood.
the cost of bringing up a child has risen
03
parental guidance
n
Advice and supervision given by parents.
children left without parental guidance
04
to impose discipline
v
To enforce rules on someone’s behaviour.
teachers must impose discipline
05
to maintain discipline
v
To keep order and good behaviour.
maintain discipline in the classroom
06
disruptive
adj
Causing interruption and preventing others working.
a disruptive child affects the whole class
07
unruly
adj
Difficult to control; badly behaved.
unruly behaviour at the back of the class
08
misbehaviour
n
Bad or unacceptable conduct.
the causes of misbehaviour
09
obedience
n
Doing what one is told to do.
strict obedience is no longer expected
10
mortality rate
n
The number of deaths in a population over a period.
a high infant mortality rate
11
birth control
n
Methods used to avoid having children.
easy access to birth control
12
geared towards
adj
Universal
Designed or organised to suit something.
modern life is geared towards small households
13
to climb the career ladder
idiom
Universal
To move up through more senior positions.
women who climb the career ladder first
14
to build a career
v
Universal
To develop a long-term working life.
couples want to build a career before children
15
to give birth
v
To have a baby.
women giving birth later in life
16
emotional distress
n
Universal
Serious unhappiness or mental suffering.
divorce can cause children emotional distress
17
to be stigmatised
v
Universal
To be unfairly disapproved of by society.
divorce is no longer stigmatised
18
to be caught between two people
idiom
To be forced to take sides in their conflict.
children feel caught between the two of them
19
to result in hostility
v
To lead to lasting anger between people.
settlements that result in hostility
20
dysfunctional
adj
Not working properly, especially as a relationship.
a dysfunctional marriage
21
financial strain
n
Universal
Pressure caused by not having enough money.
the financial strain falls on one parent
22
to take on responsibilities
v
Universal
To accept new duties.
children take on responsibilities at home
23
to thrive
v
Universal
To grow and do well.
elderly people thrive when cared for by family
24
hereditary
adj
Passed from parents to children biologically.
hereditary conditions run in the family
25
a nuclear family
n
Parents and their children only.
the nuclear family is now the norm
26
an extended family
n
Relatives beyond parents and children.
the extended family shares childcare
27
a single-parent household
n
A home with one parent raising children.
single-parent households face financial strain
28
a blended family
n
A family formed when partners with existing children join.
blended families need time to settle
29
the generation gap
n
Universal
Differences in outlook between age groups.
bridge the generation gap
30
sibling rivalry
n
Competition between brothers and sisters.
sibling rivalry over parental attention
31
an only child
n
A child with no brothers or sisters.
only children are often more articulate
32
to start a family
v
To have one’s first child.
couples start a family later than before
33
to delay parenthood
v
To have children later in life.
women delay parenthood for their careers
34
childcare provision
n
Available services for looking after young children.
affordable childcare provision
35
maternity / paternity leave
n
Paid time off after a child is born.
extend paternity leave
36
a latchkey child
n
A child who returns to an empty home after school.
latchkey children of working parents
37
quality time
n
Universal
Time given fully to someone you care about.
quality time with grandparents
38
to set boundaries
v
Universal
To make clear what behaviour is allowed.
parents must set clear boundaries
39
permissive
adj
Allowing behaviour others would forbid.
permissive parenting
40
authoritarian
adj
Universal
Demanding strict obedience.
an authoritarian upbringing
41
overprotective
adj
Protecting someone more than is good for them.
overprotective parents
42
to fly the nest
idiom
To leave the family home as an adult.
children fly the nest later than before
43
an empty nest
n
A home after the children have left.
empty-nest parents take up new hobbies
44
intergenerational living
n
Several generations sharing one home.
intergenerational living cuts care costs
45
a care home
n
A residential home for elderly people.
place a parent in a care home
46
filial duty
n
The obligation children owe their parents.
a strong sense of filial duty
47
to trace one’s ancestry
v
To research where one’s family came from.
trace one’s ancestry online
48
a family tree
n
A diagram of relatives across generations.
build a family tree
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