CHAPTER 12 OF 30
Food
7 Sual
71 İdeya
24 Termin
Etiket ideyanın ən uyğun olduğu esse növünü göstərir; ideyanın yalnız həmin növdə istifadə oluna biləcəyi demək deyil.
GM Foods
SUAL
Genetically modified crops are seen by some as the solution to world hunger and by others as a serious risk. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FOR
5
1
Cheaper, more abundant crops would help alleviate the problem of hunger in the world.
DV
2
Genetic modification can give food more flavour and a better texture.
DV
3
Crops can be made more resistant to harmful insects and fungi.
DV
4
Genetically modified foods can be given a longer shelf life.
DV
5
The nutritional value of food can be increased.
DV
AGAINST
5
1
GMOs pose a serious threat to the environment.
DV
2
Food production would become an industry dominated by a few powerful biotech companies.
DV
3
GM seeds travel to neighbouring fields and threaten non-GM crops.
DV
4
GM foods may eventually affect our bodies adversely.
DV
5
People prefer foods that have not been tampered with in a laboratory.
DV
Factory Farming: Intensive Animal Farming
SUAL
Intensive animal farming is the only way to meet the world’s demand for cheap meat. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
FOR
5
1
Factory farming is an efficient, space-saving way of producing food.
OP
2
Animals in factory farms are safe and well looked after.
OP
3
Intensive animal farming maximises output.
OP
4
Production costs are greatly reduced.
OP
5
It is the best way to meet the growing demand for cheap meat worldwide.
OP
AGAINST
5
1
Animals live in cramped and unhygienic conditions.
OP
2
Forests are being razed as more land is needed to grow feed for industrially reared animals.
OP
3
The intensive use of antibiotics in industrial farming poses a threat to human health.
OP
4
Animals are often genetically manipulated to produce more eggs or milk, or to grow bigger.
OP
5
Even livestock animals are meant to live freely outdoors.
OP
Fast Foods should be Banned
SUAL
Fast food should be banned in the same way as other products known to harm health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
AGREE
5
1
Eating a lot of fast food can cause health problems such as obesity.
OP
2
Fast foods contain a large amount of additives, saturated fats and sugars.
OP
3
The nutritional value of fast food is quite low and it does not satisfy hunger.
OP
4
Fast foods get so much publicity that people forget about traditional foods.
OP
5
Workers in the fast food industry are often ruthlessly exploited by their employers.
OP
DISAGREE
6
1
Fast food is more affordable than so-called health food.
OP
2
The fast food industry has developed much healthier alternatives.
OP
3
Informing people is a more effective policy than prohibiting them.
OP
4
People who work full-time cannot cook every day.
OP
5
Nobody wants the government to prescribe their diet.
OP
6
Fast food is only bad if you have too much of it.
OP
Packaged Food: Ready Meals and Prepared Foods
SUAL
More and more people rely on ready meals and prepared foods. What are the reasons for this, and what effects does it have?
FOR
5
1
Ready meals are a real boon for working couples.
TQ
2
We can discover dishes from all over the world.
TQ
3
Prepared foods are always readily available and economical.
TQ
4
Instead of wasting time cooking every day, we can devote more time to our children or a hobby.
TQ
5
Ready meals are prepared and packaged under the most hygienic conditions.
TQ
AGAINST
5
1
Packaged food contains a lot of additives and preservatives.
TQ
2
Home-cooked meals are healthier than industrially produced foods.
TQ
3
Packaging waste poses a serious threat to the environment.
TQ
4
Most people have a need to take pride in the food they have prepared themselves.
TQ
5
Convenience foods lose a lot of nutrients during processing.
TQ
Future World Food Shortage
SUAL
Many experts predict a global food shortage within the next fifty years. What problems would this cause, and what could be done to prevent it?
CAUSES
5
1
Climate change is responsible for drought and other extreme weather conditions.
PS
2
Population increases faster than food production.
PS
3
Farmers in developing countries use outdated farming methods.
PS
4
The cost of some basic commodities such as rice has risen so much that many people can no longer afford them.
PS
5
The global financial crisis has caused some countries to invest less in agriculture.
PS
SOLUTIONS
5
1
Governments should adopt strict measures to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
PS
2
Rich countries should help poorer countries to use clean energy.
PS
3
World governments and agencies need to work together to deal with climate change at a global level.
PS
4
Deforestation and overgrazing need to be tightly controlled.
PS
5
Eating less meat would result in more land being available to grow crops for humans.
PS
Vegetarian Diet
SUAL
Some people believe everyone should follow a vegetarian diet, while others consider meat an essential part of nutrition. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FOR
5
1
It is high time we stopped killing animals unnecessarily.
DV
2
A well-planned vegetarian diet contains all the nutrients we need.
DV
3
It is naturally high in fibre and low in saturated fats, which helps prevent cancer.
DV
4
It reduces the risk of heart disease.
DV
5
Growing vegetables and cereals for ourselves rather than for cattle would greatly reduce the human impact on the environment.
DV
AGAINST
5
1
A varied and balanced diet is the key to good health.
DV
2
We are by nature omnivorous rather than herbivorous.
DV
3
Without meat we cannot get the amount of protein we need to grow and remain strong and healthy.
DV
4
Humans have eaten meat since prehistoric times.
DV
5
Meat products taste delicious, while vegetables and cereals are often bland.
DV
Preservatives in Food
SUAL
Most food sold in supermarkets contains preservatives and additives. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
FOR
6
1
If no food could be preserved, millions would die from starvation.
AD
2
In many countries, additives must adhere to a list of government directives.
AD
3
Public health agencies carefully regulate the preservatives that can be used in food processing.
AD
4
Studies about the dangers of preservatives have produced inconsistent results.
AD
5
Today, very few people have the chance to eat only what they can grow themselves.
AD
6
Without preservatives, many foods would decay before reaching the consumer.
AD
AGAINST
4
1
In many countries the government does not have the resources to monitor properly the substances added to foods.
AD
2
Many additives trigger allergic reactions.
AD
3
Nobody knows exactly what the effect of preservatives will be in the long term.
AD
4
Some preservatives are carcinogenic.
AD
FOOD · WORD BANK · 24 Termin
Faydalı anlayışlar
& akademik lüğət
Termin · Məna · Kollokasiya və nümunə cümlələr.
01
genetically modified
adj
Having had its DNA altered in a laboratory.
genetically modified crops
02
abundant crops
n
Harvests produced in large quantities.
cheaper, more abundant crops
03
to alleviate hunger
v
To make hunger less severe.
GM crops could alleviate hunger
04
shelf life
n
How long a food stays fit to sell or eat.
a longer shelf life
05
nutritional value
n
The amount of goodness food provides.
fast food has low nutritional value
06
to tamper with
v
To interfere with something and change it.
food tampered with in a laboratory
07
adversely
adv
Universal
In a harmful way.
GM foods may adversely affect our bodies
08
to pose a threat
v
Universal
To be a source of danger.
GMOs pose a threat to the environment
09
intensive farming
n
Farming that maximises output from little land.
intensive farming maximises output
10
livestock
n
Animals kept on a farm for food or produce.
industrially reared livestock
11
unhygienic conditions
n
Dirty surroundings likely to spread disease.
animals live in unhygienic conditions
12
to raze a forest
v
To destroy a forest completely.
forests are razed to grow animal feed
13
saturated fats
n
Fats linked to heart disease and weight gain.
high in saturated fats
14
additives
n
Substances added to food for colour, taste or life.
a large amount of additives
15
preservatives
n
Chemicals added to stop food decaying.
preservatives extend shelf life
16
carcinogenic
adj
Capable of causing cancer.
some preservatives are carcinogenic
17
to trigger an allergic reaction
v
To cause the body to react badly to a substance.
additives can trigger an allergic reaction
18
food security
n
Reliable access to enough safe, affordable food.
food security in a warming climate
19
convenience food
n
Food prepared in advance for quick preparation.
households rely on convenience food
20
portion size
n
The amount of food served at one time.
creeping portion sizes
21
basic commodities
n
Essential goods such as grain, rice and oil.
the price of basic commodities
22
a food desert
n
An area where affordable fresh food is hard to buy.
food deserts in poorer suburbs
23
overgrazing
n
Letting animals eat grassland until it is bare.
overgrazing turns land to dust
24
to take pride in
v
Universal
To feel pleased and satisfied about something.
countries take pride in traditional foods
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