CHAPTER 13 OF 30
Health
4 Sual
30 İdeya
24 Termin
Etiket ideyanın ən uyğun olduğu esse növünü göstərir; ideyanın yalnız həmin növdə istifadə oluna biləcəyi demək deyil.
Funding Prevention or Cure?
SUAL
Some argue health budgets should be spent on preventing illness, while others believe treatment must come first. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
PREVENTION
5
1
Health is the greatest asset of a nation, so the state needs to look after it.
DV
2
Effective health and safety measures at work save lives and save employers money.
DV
3
Early cancer detection tests should be free for everyone.
DV
4
People can easily be encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
DV
5
If preventive care services are not funded, far fewer people will have access to them.
DV
CURE
5
1
Many people suffer from an injury or an illness that could not have been prevented and therefore needs to be treated.
DV
2
Conditions in state hospitals reflect the degree of civilisation in a society.
DV
3
A lot of hereditary diseases can be cured, but only a few of them can be prevented.
DV
4
Funding cuts to public hospitals endanger patients and result in overburdened medical staff.
DV
5
Public money is better spent on health care than on showcase projects such as high-speed rail networks.
DV
Growing Number of Overweight People
SUAL
The number of overweight people is rising in many countries. What are the causes of this, and what measures could be taken to address it?
CAUSES
SOLUTIONS
CAUSES
Fast food outlets are ubiquitous nowadays.
→
SOLUTIONS
Fast food restaurants could easily offer healthy alternatives.
PS
CAUSES
Many people consume more calories than they burn through physical activity.
→
SOLUTIONS
People should avoid overeating and take more exercise.
PS
CAUSES
Our lifestyle has become far too sedentary.
→
SOLUTIONS
Taking up an outdoor sport or a physical activity like gardening or walking can compensate for a sedentary lifestyle.
PS
CAUSES
Food advertising often encourages people to buy sugary drinks, high-fat snacks and other unhealthy foods.
→
SOLUTIONS
Junk food advertising should be tightly controlled or banned altogether.
PS
CAUSES
Processed foods are often tastier and less nutritious than whole foods and so promote overeating.
→
SOLUTIONS
The public needs to be made aware of the health risks posed by engineered foods.
PS
Responsibility for Public Health
SUAL
Some think individuals are responsible for their own health, while others believe it is the government’s duty to keep the population healthy. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY
5
1
Citizens expect decent health care in return for the taxes they pay.
DV
2
Affordable health care is a basic human right.
DV
3
Public health care is too serious a matter to be placed exclusively in the hands of profit- oriented organisations.
DV
4
Funding public health offers an excellent return on investment.
DV
5
The government can introduce taxes and regulations to guide people towards healthier choices.
DV
INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY
5
1
In many countries, citizens contribute to the funding of public health through income tax.
DV
2
Our health is our biggest asset, so it is our personal responsibility to maintain it.
DV
3
People are free to choose a healthy diet and to take regular exercise.
DV
4
We often know instinctively which foods and activities are beneficial to our health and which ones are detrimental.
DV
5
In the end, it is up to us whether or not we heed the advice given by health agencies and doctors.
DV
Fewer People Walk these Days
SUAL
People walk far less than they used to. Why is this happening, and what could be done to encourage walking?
WHY FEW PEOPLE WALK
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
WHY FEW PEOPLE WALK
Most people live too far away from their workplace to walk.
→
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
With better public transport, commuters could at least walk or cycle to the nearest station.
PS
WHY FEW PEOPLE WALK
Walking is seen as something you do out of necessity and not for fun.
→
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
Travel agencies could offer a wider range of walking holidays.
PS
WHY FEW PEOPLE WALK
Walking is not glamorous — after all, 'pedestrian' also means 'commonplace, unimaginative'.
→
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
The positive impact of walking on the environment needs to be emphasised more.
PS
WHY FEW PEOPLE WALK
People have become slaves to their car.
→
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
The public needs to be better informed about the incredible health benefits of walking.
PS
WHY FEW PEOPLE WALK
Sprawling suburbs have made walking impractical and increased car dependency.
→
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
It is time to reshape our cities and create more walkable neighbourhoods.
PS
HEALTH · WORD BANK · 24 Termin
Faydalı anlayışlar
& akademik lüğət
Termin · Məna · Kollokasiya və nümunə cümlələr.
01
preventive care
n
Medical action taken before illness develops.
invest in preventive care
02
early detection
n
Finding a disease at an early stage.
early detection saves lives
03
health and safety measures
n
Rules designed to prevent injury and illness.
enforce health and safety measures
04
hereditary disease
n
An illness passed from parents to children.
screen for hereditary disease
05
to endanger patients
v
To put patients at risk of harm.
understaffing endangers patients
06
overburdened staff
n
Universal
Workers given more than they can manage.
overburdened hospital staff
07
a basic human right
n
Universal
Something every person is entitled to.
healthcare as a basic human right
08
detrimental
adj
Universal
Causing harm or damage.
detrimental to long-term health
09
to heed advice
v
Universal
To pay attention to advice and follow it.
patients do not heed medical advice
10
ubiquitous
adj
Universal
Present everywhere.
fast food is now ubiquitous
11
a sedentary lifestyle
n
Universal
A way of living with very little physical activity.
a sedentary lifestyle causes weight gain
12
to compensate for
v
Universal
To make up for something lacking.
exercise compensates for a poor diet
13
nutritious
adj
Containing the substances the body needs.
nutritious, affordable meals
14
to take up a sport
v
To begin doing a sport regularly.
encourage adults to take up a sport
15
to overeat
v
To eat more than the body needs.
portion sizes encourage people to overeat
16
obesity
n
Universal
The condition of being seriously overweight.
tackle obesity in children
17
car dependency
n
Reliance on cars for everyday journeys.
car dependency in the suburbs
18
sprawling suburbs
n
Low-density housing spread over a wide area.
sprawling suburbs make walking impractical
19
walkable neighbourhoods
n
Areas where daily needs are within walking distance.
design walkable neighbourhoods
20
to become a slave to something
idiom
Universal
To be completely controlled by it.
we have become slaves to the car
21
life expectancy
n
Universal
The average number of years people live.
rising life expectancy
22
a public health campaign
n
An organised effort to improve national health.
launch a public health campaign
23
screening
n
Testing people for a disease before symptoms appear.
free cancer screening
24
to strain a health system
v
Universal
To put more pressure on it than it can bear.
obesity strains the health system
Axtarışa uyğun termin tapılmadı.