CHAPTER 26 OF 30
Transport
3 Sual
18 İdeya
24 Termin
Etiket ideyanın ən uyğun olduğu esse növünü göstərir; ideyanın yalnız həmin növdə istifadə oluna biləcəyi demək deyil.
Urban congestion
SUAL
Traffic congestion is worsening in cities around the world. What measures could be taken to reduce it?
FURTHER SOLUTIONS WORTH CITING
5
1
A congestion charge for entering the city centre at peak times, as in London and Singapore.
PS
2
Park-and-ride sites on the outskirts.
PS
3
Protected cycle lanes, which only work when they are genuinely separated from traffic.
PS
4
Employers staggering start times or allowing remote work two days a week.
PS
5
Pricing parking so that cruising for a space stops adding to traffic.
PS
Taxing flights
SUAL
Increasing taxes on air travel is the best way to reduce its environmental impact. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
FOR
3
1
Aviation is undertaxed relative to its emissions, since fuel is largely untaxed internationally.
OP
2
Price is the one lever that reliably changes behaviour.
OP
3
Revenue can fund rail alternatives.
OP
AGAINST
4
1
It hits low-income travellers hardest while the wealthy simply absorb the cost, so it is regressive.
OP
2
It damages tourism-dependent economies.
OP
3
It does nothing about the real problem, which is the emissions themselves rather than the number of trips.
OP
4
Investment in rail and video conferencing reduces demand without punishing anyone.
OP
Retaking the driving test
SUAL
Drivers should be required to retake their driving test every five years. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
FOR
3
1
Skills and rules both decay over decades.
OP
2
Road layouts and vehicle technology change.
OP
3
Age-related deterioration in sight and reaction time often goes unnoticed by the driver.
OP
AGAINST
3
1
The administrative cost would be enormous.
OP
2
For people who drive for a living, a single bad test day could end a career.
OP
3
A medical and eyesight check would target the actual risk far more cheaply.
OP
TRANSPORT · WORD BANK · 24 Termin
Faydalı anlayışlar
& akademik lüğət
Termin · Məna · Kollokasiya və nümunə cümlələr.
01
gridlock
n
Traffic so heavy that nothing moves.
complete gridlock at rush hour
02
rush hour
n
The period when most people travel to or from work.
avoid travelling at rush hour
03
a congestion charge
n
A fee for driving into a busy area.
a congestion charge for the city centre
04
park and ride
n
Car parks on the edge of a city served by transport.
park-and-ride sites on the outskirts
05
to stagger working hours
v
To start employees at different times.
employers stagger working hours
06
the road network
n
All the roads in an area taken together.
the road network cannot cope
07
commuting time
n
How long a journey to work takes.
cut commuting time by half
08
at peak times
idiom
Universal
During the busiest periods.
fares are higher at peak times
09
to levy a tax on
v
Universal
To impose a tax officially.
levy a tax on aviation fuel
10
a regressive tax
n
A tax that hits poorer people hardest.
flight taxes are regressive
11
budget airlines
n
Companies offering very cheap flights.
budget airlines made flying affordable
12
carbon offsetting
n
Paying to compensate for emissions produced.
carbon offsetting on every ticket
13
to be detrimental to
v
Universal
To be harmful to something.
detrimental to tourism-dependent economies
14
road safety
n
Protection of people using roads.
retesting would improve road safety
15
fitness to drive
n
Being physically and mentally able to drive.
check fitness to drive after seventy
16
to compromise safety
v
Universal
To reduce how safe something is.
poor eyesight compromises safety
17
one’s livelihood
n
Universal
The income a person needs to live on.
a failed test could end their livelihood
18
punctuality
n
The quality of arriving on time.
improve punctuality on the network
19
to subsidise fares
v
To pay part of the cost of tickets.
subsidise fares for students
20
a commuter
n
Someone who travels regularly to work.
provide for daily commuters
21
exhaust fumes
n
Waste gases from a vehicle engine.
exhaust fumes in narrow streets
22
a major contributor to
n
Universal
Something that adds substantially to a problem.
cars are a major contributor to pollution
23
to keep up with the Joneses
idiom
To buy things because neighbours have them.
people buy cars to keep up with the Joneses
24
high-speed rail
n
A railway designed for very fast trains.
invest in high-speed rail
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